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Metrology Concepts

Course No. 130

(Course Outline shown below.)

For whom intended This course is for engineers, managers and technicians who are involved in standards and calibration laboratories and for others who want a clear understanding of the wide range of activities involved in metrology. This course is the foundation course in TTi's Metrology Specialist Certificate Program.

This course is applicable to individuals from a wide range of industries such as Defense, Manufacturing, Utilities, Electronics, Automotive, Medical, Telecommunications, Computers, Aerospace and Universities.

Objectives To provide a basic understanding of the wide range of activities encompassed by personnel working in standards and calibration laboratories. It covers the measurement process, types and correct use of measurement and test equipment, and measurement standards. It provides an opportunity for students to learn about measurement uncertainty and risk analysis. The course includes the procedures necessary to set up and operate a calibration program.

Brief Course Description Students will receive an in-depth understanding of the most effective methods of establishing and running a first class Standards and Calibration Laboratory. They will also receive an insight into dealing and communicating with industry related organizations such as NIST, ASQC, NCSL etc. and implementing procedures required by ISO 9004, ISO 10012 and ANSI/ASQC/NCSL Z540-1 standards

Students are expected to participate in classroom discussions, to work out classroom examples, to read the text and perform nightly review problems, and to undergo preliminary and final quizzes.

Certificate Programs This course is required for TTi's Metrology Specialist Certificate. It may be used as an elective for any of TTi's specialist certificate programs

Prerequisites There are no formal prerequisites for this course. Supervisors are invited to contact TTi on prospective attendees' backgrounds and needs.

Text Each student will receive a course workbook, including most of the viewgraphs used in the course presentation.

Course Hours, Certificate and CEUs Open courses meet seven hours per day. Upcoming presentation dates can be found on our current open course schedule. Class hours/days for on-site courses can vary from 14-35 hours over 2-5 days as requested by our clients. Upon successful course completion, each participant receives a certificate of completion and one Continuing Education Unit (CEU) for every ten class hours.

Course Outline No. 130

Measurement Process
- Definition of Measurement
- Definition of Metrology
- Measurement System
- Units of Measurement
- Defined Units
- Derived Units
- Systems of Units
  - Absolute system
  - Gravitational system
Metrication and the Metric System (SI)
- Metrication
- Examples
- Reasons for Metrication
- Costs/Benefits of Metrication
- SI Base/Derived Units
- Supplementary Units
- Coherence
Calibration Program
- Definition / Responsibilities
- Standards and Procedures
  - MIL-STD-45662A
  - NCSL/ANSI Z540-1-1994
- Comparing compliance documents
- NIST
- Management
- Quality System/Audit
- Personnel/Training/Safety
- Facilities/ Environment
- Equipment
- Reference Materials
- Documentation
- Traceability
- Calibration Procedures
- Records
  - Certificates and Reports
- Subcontracting services
- Laboratory Accreditation
Measurement and Test Equipment
- Definition and Types
- Use and Care
- Storage and Transportation
- General Purpose/Special Purpose M&TE
- Dimensional Gages
- Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)
- Applicable Standards
  - ISO 9000 Quality Standards
Measurement Standards and Traceability
- Embodiment of Unit
- Classification of Standards
- Hierarchy of Standards
- Traceability / NIST / GPIM
- International Definitions
Measurement Uncertainty
- Measurement Error, Accuracy, Precision
- Statistics in Metrology
- ISO Guide to Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)
- Standard Uncertainty
- Type A Uncertainties (Statistical — Random)
- Standard Deviation
- Curve Fitting
- Analysis of Variance
- Estimating
- Gage R & R Study
- Type B Uncertainties (Analysis — Systematic, Bias)
  - Instrumental
  - Environmental
  - Observational
  - Procedural
- Combined Uncertainty
- Expanded Uncertainty
  - Confidence Level
  - Coverage Factor
- Statements of Uncertainty
- Uncertainty Budget
Risk Analysis
- Purpose of Measurement
- Measurement Decision Risks
- Acceptable levels of risk
- Simplified Strategies
- Low Risk Strategy
- Statistical Reasoning
- "Implied Risk" in Military and Industry Standards
- ISO Standard
- Accuracy Ratios
- Guardbanding
- Equivalent risk
- False Reject Risks
- Software Applications
Treatment of Data
- Significant Figures
- Propagation of Precision
- Rounding and Precision
- Curve Fitting
- Drift Elimination—Loop Method and Sequential method
- Measurement Assurance Program (MAP)
- Data Acquisition and Automation
- Software Quality System
- Software Verification
- Configuration Control
- Software Control
Measurement Techniques / Considerations
- Types of Measurement
- Dimensional Measurement
- Temperature effects
- Nominal differential expansion equations
- Compensation and Residual Uncertainty
- Cosine Error
- Abbé offset error
- Contact Deformation / Deflections
- Vibration Control
- Volumetric Expansion
- Gravitational Influences
- Air Buoyancy
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Hysteresis
Considerations in Electrical Measurement
- Grounding
- Shielding
- Guarding
- Contact Resistance
- Thermal EMFs
Summary, Final Exam, Award of Certificates for Successful Completion

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