162 Test Procedures for EMI/EMC/ESD

Application  This short course will provide the background and details of commercial EMI/EMC/ESD standards and review test procedures to gain understanding and proficiency in EMC testing.

For Whom Intended  This course will be of interest to personnel involved in testing and development of products intended for international markets. It will be of interest to testing and certification engineers and technicians, Quality Assurance personnel such as inspectors and technical auditors, manufacturing engineers, design and development engineers.

Brief Course Description  The course provides a review of applicable theory and an explanation of the various terms and definitions encountered. The course proceeds to discuss safety issues and the potential hazards that could be encountered in testing activities.

EMI Testing This is followed with a general discussion of regulatory agencies of the US, European and Japanese authorities and the various standards to be followed such as: ECC, FCC, IEC and MIL-STD.

The test laboratory and open area test site are discussed as well as procedures to be followed for compliance auditing and selecting an anechoic chamber.

The advantages and disadvantages of testing in-house or contracting out are discussed as well as the paperwork requirements for certification testing.

The application of various tests for EMI, EMC and ESD are discussed and recommended procedures for each method are discussed.

A review is made of diagnostic methods for dealing with EMI/EMC/ESD problems. The course closes with a review of the examples of test procedures for various industries.

Diploma Programs  This course is a required course for TTi’s Electronic Design Specialist (EDS), Electronic Telecommunications Specialist (ETS) and Instrumentation Test Specialist Diploma (ITS) diploma programs. It may be used as an elective for any other TTi diploma programs.

Prerequisites  Students should have completed TTi’s Course No. 104, Electronics for Non-Electronic Engineers or the equivalent. This course is aimed toward individuals actively involved in related technical fields. An understanding of basic electrical theory is required.

Text  Each student will receive 180 days access to the on-line electronic course workbook. Renewals and printed textbooks are available for an additional fee.

Course Hours, Certificate and CEUs  Class hours/days for on-site courses can vary from 14-35 hours over 2-5 days as requested by our clients. Upon successful course completion, each participant receives a certificate of completion and one Continuing Education Unit (CEU) for every ten class hours.

Internet Complete Course 162 features over 7 hours of video as well as more in-depth reading material. All chapters of course 162 are also available as OnDemand Internet Short Topics. See the course outline below for details.

Course Outline

Chapter 1 - Review of Applicable Theory and Terminology

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$100.00
  • Effects of EMI
  • Components of EMC World
  • Product Certification
    • Who is Responsible?
  • Terms & Abbreviations
  • Decibel
  • Change of Distance & Bandwidth
  • Wavelength
  • Time Domain vs. Frequency Domain
    • Fourier Transforms
  • Field Strength
  • Narrowband vs. Broadband
  • Near Field vs. Far Field
  • Common Mode vs. Differential Mode
  • Quasi-Peak Detector Circuit
  • Peak vs. Quasi-Peak (QP)
  • Signal Processing Circuit
  • Facilities
  • Safety Considerations—Protection Against Hazards
  • Regulations

Chapter 2 - European Regulations

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • European Regulations—CE
    • European Union (EU)
    • EFTA
    • History
    • EU Governing Bodies
  • Key Elements of New Approach Directive
  • Standards
  • European Standardization Bodies
  • Conformity Assessment Procedures and Modules
  • Manufacturer’s Responsibility
  • Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive
  • Some Other Directives
  • Scope of EMC Directive
  • Exemptions
  • Objective (Article 3)
  • Essential Requirements (Article 5 and Annex I)
  • Safeguard (Article 10)
  • Conformity Assessment Procedures in EMC Directive
  • Technical Documentation Contents
  • Declaration of Conformity
  • Various Bodies under EMC Directive
  • Standards Route
  • Exercise
  • Revision of the EMC-Directive
    • New EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
      • Conformity Assessment
      • Information requirements
  • Unique Approach of EC Specifications
  • Minimum Performance Criteria
  • Types of EMC standards
  • Generic Standards for Emissions, Immunity
  • Considerations on Immunity Limits
  • EN 61000 Series Structure
  • Useful Internet Links

Chapter 3 - RF Emissions

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • RF Emissions
  • Radiated and Conducted Emissions
  • Classification
  • Measurement Conditions—Ambient
  • DUT Configuration
    • Multi-Unit  or  Modular Configuration
  • DUT Operation
  • Conducted Emission
    • CISPR 22 Conducted limits
    • Transducers for Conducted Emissions
  • LISN
    • Impedance Provided by LISN
    • Transient Limiter
    • Use of Transient Limiter
  • Test Setups
    • Table Top Equipment
    • Floor Mounted
    • Floor Mounted and Table-top
  • Radiated Emissions
    • CISPR 22 Radiated limits
  • Test Considerations
  • Open Area Site
  • Test Accessories for Radiated Emissions Test
  • Test Procedure
    • Table-Top Equipment
    • Floor Mounted
    • In-situ measurement

Chapter 4 - Low Frequency Emissions / Harmonics

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Harmonics Evaluation (IEC 1000-3-2)
    • Test Source
    • Measurement Equipment
  • Classification
  • Limits
    • Class A Equipment
    • Class C Equipment
    • Class D Equipment
  • General Requirements
  • Measurement Setup
  • Test Conditions
    • TV Receiver
    • VCR/Audio Amplifier/ITE
    • Lighting Equipment
    • Washing Machine / Vacuum / Microwave

Chapter 5 - Low Frequency Emissions: Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Limitation of Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker  (IEC 1000-3-3)
    • Voltage Fluctuations
  • Three Phase Test Set-up
  • Voltage Changes per Minute
  • Flicker and Voltage Deviation
    • Voltage Deviation
    • Flicker Severity  (P)—Units
  • Test  Conditions—General and Specific
  • IEC 1000 Series Structure

Chapter 6 - ESD Testing

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Severity Levels
  • ESD Generator Design
    • ESD Gun
    • Verification of Characteristics
  • ESD Waveform
  • Test Setup
    • Table-Top (Laboratory Setting)
    • Floor Mounted (Laboratory Setting)
    • In-Situ
  • Test Procedure

Chapter 7 - Radiated Field Immunity Testing

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Severity Levels
  • Test Signal
  • Test Equipment
    • Field Uniformity
    • Anechoic Chamber
    • TEM Cell
    • GTEM
    • Reverberation Chamber
  • Test Procedure

Chapter 8 - Fast Transients Immunity Testing

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Immunity to Electrical Fast Transients (EFT)
  • Voltage and Frequency Levels
  • Voltage Waveform
  • Test Equipment
    • Burst Generator
    • Test Equipment—CDN
    • Test Equipment—Capacitive-Coupling Clamp
  • Test Considerations
  • EFT Procedure
    • Table-Top Mounting
    • Floor Mounted Equipment
  • EFT—Post-Installation Tests

Chapter 9 - Power Line Surge Testing

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Severity Levels
  • Waveform
  • Combination Wave Generator
  • CCITT Wave Generator
  • CCITT Waveform
  • Coupling/Decoupling Network—Power
  • Coupling/Decoupling of Interconnect
  • Test Procedure
    • Power Lines
    • Shielded Interconnect

Chapter 10 - Conducted Immunity

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Electromagnetic Environment Levels
  • Test Equipment
    • Test Generator
    • Coupling/Decoupling Device
  • Verification of Common Mode Impedance
  • Network Analyzer Setup
  • Level Setting
    • CDN
    • Clamp
  • CDN Principle
  • Injection Probe Principle
  • Test Procedure

Chapter 11 - Magnetic Field Immunity (Power Frequency)

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Magnetic Field—Limits
  • Typical Levels
  • Test Equipment
    • Generator
    • Induction Coil
    • Coil Factor—Calibration of Coil
  • Test Set-up
    • Table Top Equipment
    • Floor Mounted Equipment
  • Test Procedure
    • Immunity to Pulse Magnetic Field
      • Test Levels and Procedure
    • Immunity to Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field
      • Test Levels and Procedure

Chapter 12 - Voltage Dips and Interruptions—Immunity

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$50.00
  • Test Levels
    • Dips and Interruptions
    • Voltage Variations
  • Test Instrumentation—Generator
  • Test Procedure

Chapter 13 - Considerations in EMC Projects

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$100.00
  • Test Plan
  • Test Report
  • Pre-Compliance Testing (Emissions)
  • Pre-Test—Immunity
  • After Test (Diagnostics)
  • Selection of Test House
  • Accreditation Bodies
  • Auditing (ISO/IEC 17025)
  • Is Production Sampling Needed?
  • VCCI Method
  • Production Sampling—Immunity
  • Product Quality Assurance Plan (PQAP)
  • When Production Changes Affect EMI
  • Ongoing Compliance
  • Exercise
  • Measurement Uncertainties
  • Estimating Errors in EMI Measurement
  • Future Trends

Chapter 14 - DO-160 (Commercial Avionics)

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$100.00
  • Magnetic Effect
  • RF Emissions
    • Conducted
    • Radiated
    • RF Antennas
  • Power Input Tests—AC, DC
  • Momentary Power Interruption—Equipment with Digital Circuits
  • Voltage Spike Test
  • Audio Frequency Cond. Susceptibility—Power
  • Magnetic (H) Field
    • Induced into Interconnect Cables
    • Induced into Equipment
  • Electric Field (E) Induced into Interconnect Cables
  • Spikes Induced into Interconnect Cables
  • RF Susceptibility
    • Conducted
      • Calibration Setup
    • Radiated
  • Lightning Transients
    • Waveforms
  • Electrostatic Detector (ESD)

Chapter 15 - MIL-STD-461

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$100.00
  • Overview of MIL-STD 461F Test Procedures
    • MIL-STD-461F—Requirements Matrix
  • General Test Setup
  • Test Setups
    • Non-Conductive Surface DUT
    • Floor-Mounted & Multi-Devices
    • RF Chamber-Typical Setup
    • Free Standing Device
  • Conducted Emissions
    • CE101 — Power 30 Hz - 10 kHZ
    • CE102 — Power 10 kHz - 10 MHz
    • CE106 — Antenna 10 kHz - 40 GHz
  • Conducted Susceptibility
    • CS101 — Power 30 Hz - 10 kHz
    • CS103, CS-104 and CS-105
    • CS106 — Transients, Power Leads
      • Calibration and Waveform
    • CS109 — Structure 60 Hz - 100 kHz
    • CS114 — Bulk Cable Injection 10 kHz - 200 MHz
    • CS115 — Bulk cable injection, impulse excitation.
    • CS116 — Bulk Cable Injection; Damped Sinusoidal Transients
      • Waveform
  • Radiated Emission
    • RE101 — Magnetic 30 Hz – 100 kHz
    • RE102 — Electric 10 kHz – 18 GHz
      • Antenna Positioning
      • Multiple Antenna Positioning for Large Setup
    • RE103 — Antenna Spurious & Harmonic Outputs: 10kHz – 40GHz
  • Radiated Susceptibility
    • RS101 — Magnetic 30 Hz – 100 kHz
    • RS103 — Electric Fields
    • RS105 — Transient Electromagnetic Field
  • Useful References

Chapter 16 - Grounding Techniques

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$25.00
  • Grounding
  • Types of Grounds
  • Grounding Effectiveness
  • Grounds—Three Wire Outlet
  • Laboratory Practice—Safety
  • Signal Grounds
    • Single Point Grounds
    • Multi-Point Ground Systems
  • Which Type of Ground
  • Common Impedance Coupling
  • Separation of Grounds
  • Ground Loops
    • Transformer Ground Loop Isolation
  • Optical Coupler Isolation
  • Shield Grounding at High Frequencies

Appendix A - Abbreviations and Glossary

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$25.00

Appendix B - Index of Equations

Purchase Options
OnDemand Short Topics$25.00

Final Review

Award of Certificates for Successful Completion

Click for a printable (pdf) version of course outline 162.

Revised 7/11/18